心理学对恐惧有习惯性条件反射和被动性恐惧的心理。一般分成两种：有一些人的恐惧症是对条件的变化产生恐惧，犹如对这个地方不熟悉、对所有人的行为产生疑虑，就会产生一种直射的恐惧；还有一种恐惧，犹如怕狗、怕动物，看见和自己所思维的条件形成不一致，就会产生一些恐惧。如果曾经被狗咬过 会产生一种无条件的反射刺激，因为曾经产生的疼痛会加重自身无条件反射的反应，产生痛苦和恐惧。
所以有条件的反应就是看到了产生恐惧的因素，无条件的恐惧是对一些自然事物或者想象中的自然条件反应，所以心里的恐惧症也会分成有条件刺激和无条件刺激两种。犹如看见箱子里都是活的蛇，会害怕他们爬出来；又犹如箱子吊在建筑物上方晃来晃去，会产生有条件的刺激，怕摔下来，导致有条件的恐惧。
临床心理学认为，要消除这些恐惧，必须让刺激自己恐惧的心理变为柔和，去除恐惧的条件。比如告诉他装蛇的箱子钉的严严实实，不可能让蛇出来，又例如箱子虽然吊在建筑物上方晃来晃去
但是钢缆足以让它永远也不会掉下来。 所以恐惧症的治疗，比较文明的方法就是，提供造成恐惧有条件刺激和对刺激反应不良关联的想象，用系统减敏法 (Systematic desensitization) 就是让恐惧症患者把导致恐惧事物的联想暴露出来， 在同一时间以正确的事物取代习惯性恐惧的反应，让患者放松，相信事实不会发生。系统减敏法，有时令患者服用一些药物，但我认为心理治疗比药物治疗更具有文明感。
总的来讲，恐惧是因为对事物的不理解，对大脑中枢神经刺激所产生的有条件的辐射反应。只要能够去除使自己恐惧的条件，消除恐惧的心理，使恐惧成为一种非异常状态（Normal），经常 让使自己恐惧的事物出现在大脑非紧张状态大脑神经细胞源中，你才会有系统的减少对恐惧事物的敏感，才能消除恐惧症。
Psychology views phobia as a conditioned reflex and a psychological state that is passive and fearful. Phobia can be divided into two types. The first type is when the person develops fear toward a change in conditions, such as being in a foreign environment, or feeling suspicious towards the behaviour of others. These instances will lead to the development of direct fear. The other type of fear occurs when what one sees and what one thinks do not match each other, such as being fearful of dogs and animals. If one was bitten by a dog in the past, this will develop into an unconditioned reflex, because the pain of the past will aggravate the response of unconditioned reflex that we have, creating fear and pain.
Hence, the conditioned response is a result of having seen the factors that cause fear, while the unconditioned fear is the natural response that we have towards natural factors or our own imagination. Hence, phobia can be divided into conditioned stimulus and unconditioned stimulus. For example, when seeing a box of living snakes, one may be afraid that they will slither out of the box. Seeing a box that is dangling from a building and swaying left and right will be a conditioned stimulus and the fear that it will drop down is a conditioned fear.
Clinical psychologists believe that in order to eliminate this fear, one must allow one's fearful state to ease and eliminate the conditions of the fear. For example, a psychologist can tell the person that the box which contains the snakes is hammered shut and nailed tightly, so the snakes cannot possibly come out, or that even though the box that is dangling from the building is swaying left and right, the steel cable attached to it is such that it would never allow the box to drop.
A better way of treating phobia is to use systematic desensitisation toward the conditioned stimulus that causes the fear and on the imagination that is related to the response. This means that the patient with phobia will be exposed to the associations of the feared event and the habitual fear response will be replaced with a more accurate view of the situation, allowing the patient to become more relaxed and believe that the feared event will not happen. During systematic desensitisation, sometimes the patient is prescribed medication, however, I believe that psychological treatment is a more appropriate way to treat a patient than medication.
All in all, phobia occurs due to a lack of understanding about the feared event and is a reflexive response toward the stimulation of the brain's central nervous system. As long as you can eliminate the conditions of fear and eliminate the fearful psychological state, turn fear back into a normal state, and frequently encounter the feared event or object when the brain cells are not under a state of tension, you will be able to systematically reduce your sensitivity towards the feared event or object and eliminate phobia.
卢军宏太平绅士，现任世界心理健康联盟董事局主席、澳洲东方传媒弘扬佛法慈善机构董事局主席、澳洲东方传媒报业广播电视集团董事长，是澳大利亚高级心理辅导师，拥有澳洲心理学高级文凭，并荣誉担任意大利锡耶纳大学荣誉客座教授、受聘著名国际佛教大学荣誉教授、英国西苏格兰大学佛学与哲学讲师，具有 25 年心理辅导经验，宣讲心理学与佛学理论至世界125个国家与地区，拥有一千万佛学与心理学的学习者与追随者。
本书为卢军宏太平绅士近年来在心理学研究中的论述编著而成。多年来，卢军宏太平绅士在心理学的理论应用与实践中积累了丰富的经验，并有独到见解，为人类心理问题的解决提供了积极和创新式的解决方案，为现代心理学的发展增光添彩。
Professor Richard Lu JP currently serves as the Chairman of Mental Health International, Australia Oriental Buddhist Charity Association and the Australia Oriental Media Group. He is a senior counsellor, holding an Advanced Diploma in Counselling and Psychology (Australia).
Professor Lu has also been appointed as an Honorary Visiting Professor by the prestigious University of Siena, Italy; Honorary Professor by an international Buddhist university; and Lecturer in the area of Buddhism and Philosophy at the University of the West of Scotland, UK. With 25 years of experience in counselling, Professor Lu has given lectures in psychology and Buddhist theory in 125 countries and regions.
Currently, there are 10 million people studying and following his psychological and Buddhist practices.
This book is a compilation of Professor Lu’s psychological research over the years. Professor Lu has abundant experience from many years of applying and practising psychology. His unique insight also provides positive and innovative solutions to mental health issues facing people today, adding lustre to the development of modern psychology.
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发表于 2020-6-18 23:46:46
