在心理学上，“习惯”被很多心理学界认为是一种简单的学习形式。心理学认为在技术上这种习惯，其实是由于反复接触熟悉事物的刺激和反应，因而形成思维麻木下降的趋势，所以当这个习惯形成，实际上就是精神对这件事情麻木的开始，也就形成了一个很自然的习惯。
其实习惯非常重要，而且还是非常有用的自我适应机制，保持对新世界对象的反应。所以当习惯遇到新事物，从心理学上首先会判断它是否会伤害你，应不应该，让它在这个生长环境当中，通过时间和注意力，去改变已有的思维方式。如果能够改变，他就不称为习惯； 如果你常去做这件事情，而到了一定时间没有在意识上造成循环的刺激，也就是这件事情已经证明了是环境的一部分, 所以你的习惯就会成立，你的深层意识就不会注意。所以心理学家以习惯论来研究怎样与人交谈和行为心理分析的思维方式，还有很多心理学家以不同方式，用习惯法研究幼儿的大脑思维。
习惯性的条件反射是受到大脑皮层的刺激。大脑的刺激(Stimulus )，是一个术语，指的是环境中的事物、气味、 声音、视觉也是一种学习的条件和无条件的反应。其实这种习惯受到刺激的反应，就犹如有人用棍子戳你，你受痛大叫，棍子和你的大叫是在无条件刺激引起无条件的反应，只是你接触到棍子之后的一种无条件的反应。因为无条件带来的刺激会让你产生无条件的自然心理反应，所以有条件刺激是真正引起心理反应的重点。
心理学的概念就是，任何能够引发你思维变化，都是受到外部强力刺激的配对，加上你反应逐步的削弱(Extinction )，每天不停的去做，每天都在削弱思维，—旦成为一种自发性的恢复(Spontaneous recovery )，就被称为习惯。
In psychology, "habituation" is often seen as a simple form of learning. Technically, this is formed through repeated exposure to a stimulant so that the tendency to respond to it declines due to mental numbness. So, when habituation occurs, the mind is numbed towards a particular event, thus forming a habit.
Not only is habituation important, but it is also a very useful adaptative mechanism as it preserves the responses toward new events in the environment. When you notice something new, you first assess if the stimulus is harmful to you, whether it should be allowed to stay in your living environment and whether you should change your existing mental functions by way of time and attention. If the behaviour can be changed, then it is not a habit. If you often do something and this action has stopped causing a cycle of stimulation in your mind after a certain period of time, then this shows that the event has become a part of your environment and you have formed a habit. Your deeper consciousness will not pay it any attention. Hence, psychologists tend to use the theory of habituation to research human communication and the mental processes behind a person's behaviour and psychology. Alongside this, many psychologists also use this theory to study the minds of babies using various methods.
Classical conditioning occurs through the stimulation of the cerebral cortex. Stimulus is a term that refers to events, smells, sounds and visions in the environment. It is also a condition of learning through an unconditional response. For example, habitual responses toward a stimulus is seen when a person uses a rod to hit you. You yell out in pain. The rod is an unconditioned stimulus that brings about your cry, an unconditioned response. The unconditioned stimulus causes you to develop an unconditioned and natural psychological response. Thus, the conditioned stimulus is the true cause of the psychological response.
The key concept of psychology is that anything that can cause a change in your mental process is influenced by strengthened conditioned stimulus. Your responses are gradually reduced through repeated action (Extinction) day after day. As a result of this gradual mental reduction, once a spontaneous recovery is formed, this is habituation.
卢军宏太平绅士，现任世界心理健康联盟董事局主席、澳洲东方传媒弘扬佛法慈善机构董事局主席、澳洲东方传媒报业广播电视集团董事长，是澳大利亚高级心理辅导师，拥有澳洲心理学高级文凭，并荣誉担任意大利锡耶纳大学荣誉客座教授、受聘著名国际佛教大学荣誉教授、英国西苏格兰大学佛学与哲学讲师，具有 25 年心理辅导经验，宣讲心理学与佛学理论至世界125个国家与地区，拥有一千万佛学与心理学的学习者与追随者。
本书为卢军宏太平绅士近年来在心理学研究中的论述编著而成。多年来，卢军宏太平绅士在心理学的理论应用与实践中积累了丰富的经验，并有独到见解，为人类心理问题的解决提供了积极和创新式的解决方案，为现代心理学的发展增光添彩。
Professor Richard Lu JP currently serves as the Chairman of Mental Health International, Australia Oriental Buddhist Charity Association and the Australia Oriental Media Group. He is a senior counsellor, holding an Advanced Diploma in Counselling and Psychology (Australia).
Professor Lu has also been appointed as an Honorary Visiting Professor by the prestigious University of Siena, Italy; Honorary Professor by an international Buddhist university; and Lecturer in the area of Buddhism and Philosophy at the University of the West of Scotland, UK. With 25 years of experience in counselling, Professor Lu has given lectures in psychology and Buddhist theory in 125 countries and regions.
Currently, there are 10 million people studying and following his psychological and Buddhist practices.
This book is a compilation of Professor Lu’s psychological research over the years. Professor Lu has abundant experience from many years of applying and practising psychology. His unique insight also provides positive and innovative solutions to mental health issues facing people today, adding lustre to the development of modern psychology.
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发表于 2020-6-15 00:33:14
